Gel 向量存储¶

Gel 是一个开源的 PostgreSQL 数据层，专为快速开发到生产周期而优化。它提供以下特性：

• 高级严格类型的类图数据模型
• 可组合的层次化查询语言
• 完整的 SQL 支持
• 数据迁移功能
• 认证模块
• AI 模块

如果您在 Colab 上打开此 Notebook，可能需要安装 LlamaIndex 🦙。

In [ ]:

! pip install gel llama-index-vector-stores-gel

! pip install gel llama-index-vector-stores-gel

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! pip install llama-index

! pip install llama-index

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# import logging
# import sys

# Uncomment to see debug logs
# logging.basicConfig(stream=sys.stdout, level=logging.DEBUG)
# logging.getLogger().addHandler(logging.StreamHandler(stream=sys.stdout))

from llama_index.core import SimpleDirectoryReader, StorageContext
from llama_index.core import VectorStoreIndex
from llama_index.vector_stores.gel import GelVectorStore
import textwrap
import openai

# import logging # import sys # Uncomment to see debug logs # logging.basicConfig(stream=sys.stdout, level=logging.DEBUG) # logging.getLogger().addHandler(logging.StreamHandler(stream=sys.stdout)) from llama_index.core import SimpleDirectoryReader, StorageContext from llama_index.core import VectorStoreIndex from llama_index.vector_stores.gel import GelVectorStore import textwrap import openai

配置 OpenAI¶

第一步是设置 OpenAI 密钥。该密钥将用于为载入索引的文档创建嵌入向量。

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import os

os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "<your key>"
openai.api_key = os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"]

import os os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "" openai.api_key = os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"]

下载数据

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!mkdir -p 'data/paul_graham/'
!wget 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/run-llama/llama_index/main/docs/docs/examples/data/paul_graham/paul_graham_essay.txt' -O 'data/paul_graham/paul_graham_essay.txt'

!mkdir -p 'data/paul_graham/' !wget 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/run-llama/llama_index/main/docs/docs/examples/data/paul_graham/paul_graham_essay.txt' -O 'data/paul_graham/paul_graham_essay.txt'

加载文档¶

使用 SimpleDirectoryReader 加载存储在 data/paul_graham/ 路径下的文档

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documents = SimpleDirectoryReader("./data/paul_graham").load_data()
print("Document ID:", documents[0].doc_id)

documents = SimpleDirectoryReader("./data/paul_graham").load_data() print("Document ID:", documents[0].doc_id)

创建数据库¶

若要将Gel用作向量存储的后端，您需要一个可运行的Gel实例。幸运的是，除非您有特殊需求，否则无需涉及Docker容器或任何复杂配置！

要设置本地实例，请运行：

In [ ]:

! gel project init --non-interactive

! gel project init --non-interactive

如果您正在使用 Gel Cloud（推荐使用！），请在命令中添加一个额外参数：

gel project init --server-instance <org-name>/<instance-name>

要查看运行 Gel 的完整方式列表，请参阅参考文档中的 Running Gel 部分。

设置数据模式¶

Gel 数据模式 是对应用程序数据模型的显式高层描述。除了能精确定义数据布局方式外，它还驱动着 Gel 诸多强大功能，如链接、访问策略、函数、触发器、约束条件、索引等。

LlamaIndex 的 GelVectorStore 要求数据模式遵循以下布局结构：

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schema_content = """
using extension pgvector;
                                    
module default {
    scalar type EmbeddingVector extending ext::pgvector::vector<1536>;

    type Record {
        required collection: str;
        text: str;
        embedding: EmbeddingVector; 
        external_id: str {
            constraint exclusive;
        };
        metadata: json;

        index ext::pgvector::hnsw_cosine(m := 16, ef_construction := 128)
            on (.embedding)
    } 
}
""".strip()

with open("dbschema/default.gel", "w") as f:
    f.write(schema_content)

schema_content = """ using extension pgvector; module default { scalar type EmbeddingVector extending ext::pgvector::vector<1536>; type Record { required collection: str; text: str; embedding: EmbeddingVector; external_id: str { constraint exclusive; }; metadata: json; index ext::pgvector::hnsw_cosine(m := 16, ef_construction := 128) on (.embedding) } } """.strip() with open("dbschema/default.gel", "w") as f: f.write(schema_content)

为了将模式变更应用到数据库，请使用 Gel 的迁移工具运行迁移：

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! gel migration create --non-interactive
! gel migrate

! gel migration create --non-interactive ! gel migrate

从此处开始，GelVectorStore 可作为 LlamaIndex 中任何其他向量存储的直接替代品使用。

创建索引¶

In [ ]:

vector_store = GelVectorStore()

storage_context = StorageContext.from_defaults(vector_store=vector_store)
index = VectorStoreIndex.from_documents(
    documents, storage_context=storage_context, show_progress=True
)
query_engine = index.as_query_engine()

vector_store = GelVectorStore() storage_context = StorageContext.from_defaults(vector_store=vector_store) index = VectorStoreIndex.from_documents( documents, storage_context=storage_context, show_progress=True ) query_engine = index.as_query_engine()

查询索引¶

现在我们可以使用索引来提问了。

In [ ]:

response = query_engine.query("What did the author do?")

response = query_engine.query("What did the author do?")

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print(textwrap.fill(str(response), 100))

print(textwrap.fill(str(response), 100))

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response = query_engine.query("What happened in the mid 1980s?")

response = query_engine.query("What happened in the mid 1980s?")

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print(textwrap.fill(str(response), 100))

print(textwrap.fill(str(response), 100))

元数据过滤器¶

GelVectorStore 支持在节点中存储元数据，并在检索阶段基于这些元数据进行过滤。

下载 Git 提交记录数据集¶

In [ ]:

!mkdir -p 'data/git_commits/'
!wget 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/run-llama/llama_index/main/docs/docs/examples/data/csv/commit_history.csv' -O 'data/git_commits/commit_history.csv'

!mkdir -p 'data/git_commits/' !wget 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/run-llama/llama_index/main/docs/docs/examples/data/csv/commit_history.csv' -O 'data/git_commits/commit_history.csv'

In [ ]:

import csv

with open("data/git_commits/commit_history.csv", "r") as f:
    commits = list(csv.DictReader(f))

print(commits[0])
print(len(commits))

import csv with open("data/git_commits/commit_history.csv", "r") as f: commits = list(csv.DictReader(f)) print(commits[0]) print(len(commits))

添加带有自定义元数据的节点¶

In [ ]:

# Create TextNode for each of the first 100 commits
from llama_index.core.schema import TextNode
from datetime import datetime
import re

nodes = []
dates = set()
authors = set()
for commit in commits[:100]:
    author_email = commit["author"].split("<")[1][:-1]
    commit_date = datetime.strptime(
        commit["date"], "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y %z"
    ).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
    commit_text = commit["change summary"]
    if commit["change details"]:
        commit_text += "\n\n" + commit["change details"]
    fixes = re.findall(r"#(\d+)", commit_text, re.IGNORECASE)
    nodes.append(
        TextNode(
            text=commit_text,
            metadata={
                "commit_date": commit_date,
                "author": author_email,
                "fixes": fixes,
            },
        )
    )
    dates.add(commit_date)
    authors.add(author_email)

print(nodes[0])
print(min(dates), "to", max(dates))
print(authors)

# Create TextNode for each of the first 100 commits from llama_index.core.schema import TextNode from datetime import datetime import re nodes = [] dates = set() authors = set() for commit in commits[:100]: author_email = commit["author"].split("<")[1][:-1] commit_date = datetime.strptime( commit["date"], "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y %z" ).strftime("%Y-%m-%d") commit_text = commit["change summary"] if commit["change details"]: commit_text += "\n\n" + commit["change details"] fixes = re.findall(r"#(\d+)", commit_text, re.IGNORECASE) nodes.append( TextNode( text=commit_text, metadata={ "commit_date": commit_date, "author": author_email, "fixes": fixes, }, ) ) dates.add(commit_date) authors.add(author_email) print(nodes[0]) print(min(dates), "to", max(dates)) print(authors)

In [ ]:

vector_store = GelVectorStore()

index = VectorStoreIndex.from_vector_store(vector_store=vector_store)
index.insert_nodes(nodes)

vector_store = GelVectorStore() index = VectorStoreIndex.from_vector_store(vector_store=vector_store) index.insert_nodes(nodes)

In [ ]:

print(index.as_query_engine().query("How did Lakshmi fix the segfault?"))

print(index.as_query_engine().query("How did Lakshmi fix the segfault?"))

应用元数据筛选器¶

现在检索节点时，我们可以按提交作者或日期进行筛选。

In [ ]:

from llama_index.core.vector_stores.types import (
    MetadataFilter,
    MetadataFilters,
)

filters = MetadataFilters(
    filters=[
        MetadataFilter(key="author", value="mats@timescale.com"),
        MetadataFilter(key="author", value="sven@timescale.com"),
    ],
    condition="or",
)

retriever = index.as_retriever(
    similarity_top_k=10,
    filters=filters,
)

retrieved_nodes = retriever.retrieve("What is this software project about?")

for node in retrieved_nodes:
    print(node.node.metadata)

from llama_index.core.vector_stores.types import ( MetadataFilter, MetadataFilters, ) filters = MetadataFilters( filters=[ MetadataFilter(key="author", value="mats@timescale.com"), MetadataFilter(key="author", value="sven@timescale.com"), ], condition="or", ) retriever = index.as_retriever( similarity_top_k=10, filters=filters, ) retrieved_nodes = retriever.retrieve("What is this software project about?") for node in retrieved_nodes: print(node.node.metadata)

In [ ]:

filters = MetadataFilters(
    filters=[
        MetadataFilter(key="commit_date", value="2023-08-15", operator=">="),
        MetadataFilter(key="commit_date", value="2023-08-25", operator="<="),
    ],
    condition="and",
)

retriever = index.as_retriever(
    similarity_top_k=10,
    filters=filters,
)

retrieved_nodes = retriever.retrieve("What is this software project about?")

for node in retrieved_nodes:
    print(node.node.metadata)

filters = MetadataFilters( filters=[ MetadataFilter(key="commit_date", value="2023-08-15", operator=">="), MetadataFilter(key="commit_date", value="2023-08-25", operator="<="), ], condition="and", ) retriever = index.as_retriever( similarity_top_k=10, filters=filters, ) retrieved_nodes = retriever.retrieve("What is this software project about?") for node in retrieved_nodes: print(node.node.metadata)

应用嵌套过滤器¶

在上述示例中，我们使用 AND 或 OR 组合了多个过滤器。我们还可以组合多组过滤器。

In [ ]:

filters = MetadataFilters(
    filters=[
        MetadataFilters(
            filters=[
                MetadataFilter(
                    key="commit_date", value="2023-08-01", operator=">="
                ),
                MetadataFilter(
                    key="commit_date", value="2023-08-15", operator="<="
                ),
            ],
            condition="and",
        ),
        MetadataFilters(
            filters=[
                MetadataFilter(key="author", value="mats@timescale.com"),
                MetadataFilter(key="author", value="sven@timescale.com"),
            ],
            condition="or",
        ),
    ],
    condition="and",
)

retriever = index.as_retriever(
    similarity_top_k=10,
    filters=filters,
)

retrieved_nodes = retriever.retrieve("What is this software project about?")

for node in retrieved_nodes:
    print(node.node.metadata)

filters = MetadataFilters( filters=[ MetadataFilters( filters=[ MetadataFilter( key="commit_date", value="2023-08-01", operator=">=" ), MetadataFilter( key="commit_date", value="2023-08-15", operator="<=" ), ], condition="and", ), MetadataFilters( filters=[ MetadataFilter(key="author", value="mats@timescale.com"), MetadataFilter(key="author", value="sven@timescale.com"), ], condition="or", ), ], condition="and", ) retriever = index.as_retriever( similarity_top_k=10, filters=filters, ) retrieved_nodes = retriever.retrieve("What is this software project about?") for node in retrieved_nodes: print(node.node.metadata)

上述操作可通过使用 IN 运算符简化。GelVectorStore 支持 in、nin 和 contains 操作符用于元素与列表的比较。

In [ ]:

filters = MetadataFilters(
    filters=[
        MetadataFilter(key="commit_date", value="2023-08-01", operator=">="),
        MetadataFilter(key="commit_date", value="2023-08-15", operator="<="),
        MetadataFilter(
            key="author",
            value=["mats@timescale.com", "sven@timescale.com"],
            operator="in",
        ),
    ],
    condition="and",
)

retriever = index.as_retriever(
    similarity_top_k=10,
    filters=filters,
)

retrieved_nodes = retriever.retrieve("What is this software project about?")

for node in retrieved_nodes:
    print(node.node.metadata)

filters = MetadataFilters( filters=[ MetadataFilter(key="commit_date", value="2023-08-01", operator=">="), MetadataFilter(key="commit_date", value="2023-08-15", operator="<="), MetadataFilter( key="author", value=["mats@timescale.com", "sven@timescale.com"], operator="in", ), ], condition="and", ) retriever = index.as_retriever( similarity_top_k=10, filters=filters, ) retrieved_nodes = retriever.retrieve("What is this software project about?") for node in retrieved_nodes: print(node.node.metadata)

In [ ]:

# Same thing, with NOT IN
filters = MetadataFilters(
    filters=[
        MetadataFilter(key="commit_date", value="2023-08-01", operator=">="),
        MetadataFilter(key="commit_date", value="2023-08-15", operator="<="),
        MetadataFilter(
            key="author",
            value=["mats@timescale.com", "sven@timescale.com"],
            operator="nin",
        ),
    ],
    condition="and",
)

retriever = index.as_retriever(
    similarity_top_k=10,
    filters=filters,
)

retrieved_nodes = retriever.retrieve("What is this software project about?")

for node in retrieved_nodes:
    print(node.node.metadata)

# Same thing, with NOT IN filters = MetadataFilters( filters=[ MetadataFilter(key="commit_date", value="2023-08-01", operator=">="), MetadataFilter(key="commit_date", value="2023-08-15", operator="<="), MetadataFilter( key="author", value=["mats@timescale.com", "sven@timescale.com"], operator="nin", ), ], condition="and", ) retriever = index.as_retriever( similarity_top_k=10, filters=filters, ) retrieved_nodes = retriever.retrieve("What is this software project about?") for node in retrieved_nodes: print(node.node.metadata)

In [ ]:

# CONTAINS
filters = MetadataFilters(
    filters=[
        MetadataFilter(key="fixes", value="5680", operator="contains"),
    ]
)

retriever = index.as_retriever(
    similarity_top_k=10,
    filters=filters,
)

retrieved_nodes = retriever.retrieve("How did these commits fix the issue?")
for node in retrieved_nodes:
    print(node.node.metadata)

# CONTAINS filters = MetadataFilters( filters=[ MetadataFilter(key="fixes", value="5680", operator="contains"), ] ) retriever = index.as_retriever( similarity_top_k=10, filters=filters, ) retrieved_nodes = retriever.retrieve("How did these commits fix the issue?") for node in retrieved_nodes: print(node.node.metadata)